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HEAT and HELIUM Provide
Proof of Solid-State "Cold" Fusion
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DOE REPORT CALLS FOR FUNDING OF COLD FUSION RESEARCH - Dec 2004
Based on a new review of the field, findings were released on December 1st 2004 by the US Department of Energy. Expert reviewers for the DOE were nearly unanimous in their opinion that the energy department should now fund well-thought-out proposals on cold fusion.
Following 15
years of study, researchers finally caught the ear of the US Energy Secretary,
Spencer Abraham, who commissioned the review in August 2003 from the
department's science directorate. |
The New Scientist
11 Dec 2004
DOE WARMS TO COLD FUSION
Read more.at The New Scientist.....
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Red line is the D2 fusion cell black line is the H2 control cell. ~11ppm 4He attained over 28 days.
Breakthroughs in D2 fusion will lead to rapid development of low cost energy technologies for homes and industry say engineers at D2Fusion, based in the Silicon Valley of California. How and Why Solid-State Physics Explains and Enables Solid-State Cold Fusion. COLD fusion is a radiation free nuclear reaction that, in its simplest form, fuses two hydrogen atoms to form a single helium atom. In this fusion, each new helium atom created is accompanied, as Einstein’s equation E=Mc2 predicts, by enormous energy release. To put this into a more common perspective, 1 gram of hydrogen (cold fusion fuel) can yield 100 billion watts of energy (power).
How and where does this occur? It all takes
place inside hydrogen loving metals, those metals that soak up hydrogen like
a sponge. Hence, cold fusion is solid-state fusion and is best explained
using the language we use to explain solid-state electronics. |
Dr. Dave Nagel, Georgetown
University and recently a director of research with the Naval Research
Laboratory speaking to the New York Times says, "I
expect many in the long neglected field to submit research plans in the coming
months. - I will be among them," he adds.
US NAVY REPORT STRONGLY SUPPORTS COLD FUSION
TECHNICAL REPORT 1862,
Feb. 2002
The forward to the report reads:
"We do not know if Cold Fusion will be the answer to future energy needs, but we do know the existence of Cold Fusion phenomenon through repeated observations by scientists throughout the world. It is time that this phenomenon be investigated so that we can reap whatever benefits accrue from additional scientific understanding. It is time for government funding organizations to invest in this research."
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CANADA DECOMMISSIONS ONTARIO HEAVY WATER PLANT
The people of the world consume about 111,000,000,000,000 kilowatt hours of energy each year. That's 111 trillion kilowatt hours used by all 6 billion of us. Deuterium as the fuel for fusion energy is a limitless resource which could bring the cost of energy in the world down from the present cost of about $0.05 per kwh to $0.00000562 per kilowatt hour.
Fusion is energy for the future! | |
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Sono-Fusion, Another Form of Solid-State Fusion, is driven by collapsing bubbles in heavy water
A bubble created by ultrasonics collapsing on a metal surface. At D2Fusion we also work in SONOFUSION a branch of physical acoustics closely related to the phenomenon of sonoluminescence. This is a process where tiny bubbles created and sustained with sound waves in a liquid cavitate (grow and collapse) emitting a blue white light.
We use these same bubbles to load and create a high flux of deuterium in metals. This results in dramatic heating and often melting of refractory metals at extreme temperatures. When combined with other forms of electronic and photonic stimulation of the process these reactions become very intense. Further work to commercialize these sono-fusion reactions is underway.
The photo below shows the results of an experiment conducted at SRI with US NAVY scientists providing materials and observing the experiment.
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D2Fusion Scientist Russ George holds experimental
solid-state fusion reactor
The
General Atomics DIII-D Tokamak Hot Fusion Machine is "the state of the
art" HOT fusion machine in the world. Days before these photos
were taken the DIII-D operated for a 2 second fusion burn. Drawing many megawatts of power the Tokamak produced about e16 fusion reactions ... about the same number
of fusion reactions reported in our experiments over a few hours to days.
The DIII-D Tokamak has been built at a cost of hundreds of millions of
dollars. Catalytic Cold Fusion Shows Dramatic Simple Proof of Nuclear Fusion.
This work involves a very simple method where deuterium gas fills a reactor vessel containing a common palladium based hydrogen catalyst. Upon heating to approximately 200 degrees C the nuclear fusion reaction begins. Extra heat is released along with prodigious amounts of helium.
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Here's how fuels
compare to run
Coal 2 million tonnes, 21,000 rail cars
Here's an excerpt of what "We walk down an echoing hallway (ed.- at Stanford Research International SRI, Menlo Park ,CA), into a smaller room crammed with equipment. Amid the steady hum and whine of cooling fans, a large, Russ George a bearded guy wearing khaki shorts and a short-sleeved shirt is sitting in front of a video screen."
" George and SRI put the same ingredients (palladium catalysts and deuterium - ed.) into a sealed 50-cc stainless-steel flask and wrapped it in a heating element. A tube from this flask is connected, now, to a mass-spectrometer - an enigmatic steel cabinet standing behind the video screen. "This mass-spec is sensitive enough to detect the difference between helium and deuterium," says Russ George. "And the video display, here, will tell us how much helium is generated..."
Continue reading
Wired Magazine "What If Cold Fusion is Real"
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This work derives from pioneering efforts of many scientists in this arena including Lord Rayleigh, Flynn, Fukushima, Crum, Suslick, Taleyarkhen, Putterman, Stringham, George, and others. Read our report published by the Electric Power Research Institute on the sonofusion experiments they had us perform at SRI International to demonstrate the viability of sonofusion.
OTHER R&D INTERESTS Other R&D areas we pursue include work with electrochemical cold fusion using simple and complex cathodes as well as deuteron conducting wires. Having worked in the laboratory of Prof. H. Arata of Osaka we are especially interested in double structure cathodes following his design. These DS cathodes have produced very significant fusion results following our work to assist SRI International in efforts to replicate the Arata experimental protocol. The SRI / Arata replication work we facilitated produced dramatic findings of helium and tritium.
U.S. Department of Energy calls for funding of research in the field long known as “cold fusion.” This represents a breakthrough for scientists working in the field over its life of 15 years.
“Solid-state electronics theory and methods now prove to be apply to Solid-State Fusion Energy. This allows us to produce radiation-free and waste-free nuclear energy. One out of every 5,000 atoms of hydrogen on Earth is the heavy form of hydrogen, known as deuterium or D2, the fuel for solid-state fusion.” Comments Russ George, scientist for D2Fusion of California and one of the pioneers in the field.
Solid-state fusion shares common roots with conventional solid-state electronics and high temperature super-conductivity. The phenomena adhere to now-established quantum solid-state rules for coherent matter and energy. The discovery of solid-state electronics methods, materials, and theory led to today’s electronic age and countless useful technologies.
For a listing of D2Fusion research collaborations check out our technology page client link.
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These reactions have been studied with the help of the Electric Power Research Institute and SRI International. They experiments have now been repeated successfully many times at SRI and are being again repeated in labs in Italy under the Italian ENEA cold fusion program. This work was originally brought to the attention of the world by industrial chemist Les Case of New Hampshire.
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Electron
microscopy studies of Palladium involved in melting from
The following SEM (electron microscope) images show micro-volcano-like features that are consistent with known similar eruptive melting events found in nuclear fission especially the spontaneously fission on Californium metal or in neutron induced fission on other fissionable metals.
In addition to the fact that
this feature matches known nuclear events on fissionable metals the energy
and time constraints required to melt this volume of palladium is beyond
that which might be explained
by chemical means. |
Don't miss the American Physical Society March 21-25 2005 meeting at the Los Angeles Convention Center - The Session on Condensed Matter Physics will have many papers on cold and solid-state fusion. Amongst the papers will be those of D2Fusion as submitted to APS by the Navy on behalf of Russ George with the following titles:
"Experiment and theory for nuclear reactions in nano-materials show e14-e16 solid-state fusion reactions."
"Morphology of
fission gas bubbles in fissioning uranium metal closely matches fusion gas
bubble morphology in fusion palladium metals." Check the APS Web site for details on the conference.
Listen to an Interview on National Public Radio's - Science Friday with Russ George of D2FUSION and Michael Schaffer of General Atomics.
Real Audio Interview
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D2FUSION Founder
In addition to the work in our own labs over the past 15 years Russ has spent extended periods of time as a visiting scientist at Los Alamos National Labs, the University of Osaka, SRI International, and under contract with the Electric Power Research Institute working on various research experiments to understand this phenomenon.
D2Fusion research studies use high resolution mass spectroscopy, various radiation emission (neutron and gamma) detection methods, Dynamic and TOF SIMS, Scanning Electron Microscopy, calorimetry, Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Isotope Analysis, and a number of other material science disciplines.
We have maintained research collaborations with scientists at Los Alamos, Rockwell International, US Bureau of Mines, Naval Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Labs/ Battelle, the Electric Power Research Institute, Stanford Research International, Charles Evans and Associates.
Russ has been an advisor to the Japanese government New Hydrogen Energy committee of MITI as well as to US government agencies including members of the U.S. cabinet and top brass in the DOD. He has lectured in national labs, corporate research facilities, and to energy organizations and consortiums in the USA, Canada, Japan, and Europe.
Inquiries to arrange consulting advice and speaking engagements are encouraged. | |
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Sonofusion
EPRI-report
Theory-Essay Fission/Fusion-Lattice Gas Eruptions |
Electric Power Research Institute Demonstration
Sono-Fusion Report 
